關鍵詞：Debaryomycetaceae / 分子親緣關係 / 天然環境 / 分類學 | Keywords: Debaryomycetaceae / molecular phylogeny / natural environments / taxonomy
摘要：由臺灣山區天然環境中分離出12株屬於Yamadazyma支群中的Yamadazyma及Candida屬的酵母菌菌株。形態學、生理學與分子生物學特性的測試結果顯示，所有菌株分屬於Yamadazyma scolyti、Candida insectorum與Candida jaroonii臺灣新紀錄酵母菌菌種。
Abstract: Twelve strains of ascomycetous yeasts classified as members of the Yamadazyma clade were isolated from natural environments in Taiwan. All the strains examined had typical morphological characteristics and physiological properties of Yamadazyma scolyti, Candida insectorum and Candida jaroonii, three yeast species that were not previously recorded in Taiwan. A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of the LSU rDNA and ITS were conducted to shown their relationships with the type strains of the their respective species.

關鍵詞：子囊菌門 / 擬炭角菌亞屬 / 土棲性 / 分類學 / 炭角菌科 | Keywords: Ascomycota / subgenus Pseudoxylaria / soil-dwelling / taxonomy / Xylariaceae
摘要：由臺北市內湖區地上所採集到的秋源炭角菌，在此被描述為新種，其特徵是棕色子座叢生在埋藏於土中的顯著基部上。此外，相較於許多在地上產生子座的炭角菌種類，秋源炭角菌具有較大的子囊孢子，長度超過7微米。基於多個蛋白質基因座序列所進行的親緣關係分析，顯示秋源炭角菌屬於擬炭角菌亞屬。
Abstract: Xylaria chiuyuanii, featuring fasciculate brown stromata on a significant submerged base, was collected on the ground in Taipei, Taiwan and is herein described as new. In addition, it has ascospores longer than 7 µm, relatively large compared to those of many Xylaria species that produce stromata on the ground. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined sequences of multiple protein-coding loci indicated that X. chiuyuanii is a member of the subgenus Pseudoxylaria.

關鍵詞：子囊菌門 / 炭團菌亞科 / 炭團菌屬 / 分類學 / 木棲性 / 炭角菌科 | Keywords: Ascomycota / Hypoxyloideae / Hypoxylon / taxonomy / wood-dwelling / Xylariaceae
摘要：由臺灣多處採集到的一種截頂炭團菌屬，在此被描述為新種，並命名為擬環紋截頂炭團菌。其子座厚實、具有帶有橄欖色調的暗色表面，環繞孔口圓盤為truncatum-type、直徑0.4–0.5 mm，分生孢子產孢構造具有nodulisporium-like的分叉模式。環紋截頂炭團菌非常類似擬環紋截頂炭團菌，但主要分佈在北美與溫帶亞洲。擬環紋截頂炭團菌與其相異之處在於具有墊狀或闊墊狀、而不是半圓形的子座，較不凸起的孔口圓盤，以及較顯著的孔口圓盤邊緣。ITS序列再次證實了擬環紋截頂炭團菌與環紋截頂炭團菌之間的獨特性。
Abstract: Annulohypoxylon annulatoides is described as new, being characterized by having thick stromata with a dark, olivaceous-tinged surface, truncatum-type ostiolar discs measuring 0.4–0.5 mm diam, and a conidiogenous structure with a nodulispo­rium-like branching pattern. It bears resemblance to A. annulatum, a species mainly distributed in North America and temperate Asia, from which A. annulatoides differs by having pulvinate to effused-pulvinate rather than hemispherical stromata, less convex ostiolar discs, and a more conspicuous ostiolar disc rim. The distinctiveness between A. annulatoides and A. annulatum are reconfirmed by ITS sequences.