關鍵詞：Debaryomycetaceae / 分子親緣關係 / 天然環境 / 分類學 | Keywords: Debaryomycetaceae / molecular phylogeny / natural environments / taxonomy
摘要：由臺灣山區天然環境中分離出12株屬於Yamadazyma支群中的Yamadazyma及Candida屬的酵母菌菌株。形態學、生理學與分子生物學特性的測試結果顯示，所有菌株分屬於Yamadazyma scolyti、Candida insectorum與Candida jaroonii臺灣新紀錄酵母菌菌種。
Abstract: Twelve strains of ascomycetous yeasts classified as members of the Yamadazyma clade were isolated from natural environments in Taiwan. All the strains examined had typical morphological characteristics and physiological properties of Yamadazyma scolyti, Candida insectorum and Candida jaroonii, three yeast species that were not previously recorded in Taiwan. A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of the LSU rDNA and ITS were conducted to shown their relationships with the type strains of the their respective species.

關鍵詞：子囊菌門 / 擬炭角菌亞屬 / 土棲性 / 分類學 / 炭角菌科 | Keywords: Ascomycota / subgenus Pseudoxylaria / soil-dwelling / taxonomy / Xylariaceae
摘要：由臺北市內湖區地上所採集到的秋源炭角菌，在此被描述為新種，其特徵是棕色子座叢生在埋藏於土中的顯著基部上。此外，相較於許多在地上產生子座的炭角菌種類，秋源炭角菌具有較大的子囊孢子，長度超過7微米。基於多個蛋白質基因座序列所進行的親緣關係分析，顯示秋源炭角菌屬於擬炭角菌亞屬。
Abstract: Xylaria chiuyuanii, featuring fasciculate brown stromata on a significant submerged base, was collected on the ground in Taipei, Taiwan and is herein described as new. In addition, it has ascospores longer than 7 µm, relatively large compared to those of many Xylaria species that produce stromata on the ground. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined sequences of multiple protein-coding loci indicated that X. chiuyuanii is a member of the subgenus Pseudoxylaria.

關鍵詞：子囊菌門 / 炭團菌亞科 / 炭團菌屬 / 分類學 / 木棲性 / 炭角菌科 | Keywords: Ascomycota / Hypoxyloideae / Hypoxylon / taxonomy / wood-dwelling / Xylariaceae
摘要：由臺灣多處採集到的一種截頂炭團菌屬，在此被描述為新種，並命名為擬環紋截頂炭團菌。其子座厚實、具有帶有橄欖色調的暗色表面，環繞孔口圓盤為truncatum-type、直徑0.4–0.5 mm，分生孢子產孢構造具有nodulisporium-like的分叉模式。環紋截頂炭團菌非常類似擬環紋截頂炭團菌，但主要分佈在北美與溫帶亞洲。擬環紋截頂炭團菌與其相異之處在於具有墊狀或闊墊狀、而不是半圓形的子座，較不凸起的孔口圓盤，以及較顯著的孔口圓盤邊緣。ITS序列再次證實了擬環紋截頂炭團菌與環紋截頂炭團菌之間的獨特性。
Abstract: Annulohypoxylon annulatoides is described as new, being characterized by having thick stromata with a dark, olivaceous-tinged surface, truncatum-type ostiolar discs measuring 0.4–0.5 mm diam, and a conidiogenous structure with a nodulispo­rium-like branching pattern. It bears resemblance to A. annulatum, a species mainly distributed in North America and temperate Asia, from which A. annulatoides differs by having pulvinate to effused-pulvinate rather than hemispherical stromata, less convex ostiolar discs, and a more conspicuous ostiolar disc rim. The distinctiveness between A. annulatoides and A. annulatum are reconfirmed by ITS sequences.

關鍵詞：樹絨蘭 / 內生真菌 / 親緣關係分析 / 分類學 / 木黴屬 | Keywords: Pinalia formosana / endophytic fungi / phylogeny / taxonomy / Trichoderma
摘要：蘭科植物是豐富的自然資源庫，蘊藏著許多尚未發現的內生真菌物種。然而，目前對於臺灣本土蘭花中真菌種類的研究仍然有限。本研究介紹並描述了一個真菌新種Trichoderma pinaliae，該菌株從臺灣本土野生蘭花Pinalia formosana的根部分離純化而得。使用三個基因位點（ITS、tef1 和 rpb2）進行系統發育分析，顯示此菌種與其它已知種相較，具有獨特的DNA序列，可清楚地將其與其它菌種區分開來。類緣分析的結果顯示T. pinaliae屬於Viride分支，並且與T. atroviride最為接近。本文提供了該真菌新種的形態和培養特徵的觀察結果、描述與插圖，同時也與其它相關菌種進行了比較分析。
Abstract: The orchid family represents a rich reservoir of natural resources, harboring numerous undiscovered species of endophytic fungi. However, research on these endophytic fungi within native Taiwanese orchids remains limited. This study introduces and illustrates a new species, Trichoderma pinaliae, which was isolated from the root of the native Taiwanese orchid Pinalia formosana. Phylogenetic analyses using ITS, tef1, and rpb2 placed T. pinaliae within the Viride clade, confirming its close relationship to T. atroviride. Furthermore, these analyses revealed distinctive sequences for the new species, with tef1 and rpb2 exhibiting 8.88% and 1.56% sequence divergence, respectively, from the type strain of the T. atroviride. Detailed observations, descriptions, and illustrations of the morphological and cultural characteristics of this species are provided, along with comparisons to closely related species.

關鍵詞：廖玟玗 / 吳書瑜 / 胡家銘 / 唐月雲 / 陳哲志 | Keywords: fungal diversity / Basidiomycota / phylogeny / Polyporales / mycophagy / taxonomy
摘要：臺灣亞熱帶山地雲霧森林中首次記錄到三種木腐多孔菌：桉牛舌孔菌 (Buglossoporus eucalypticola)、環心空洞孢芝 (Foraminispora concentrica) 及亞皺齒耳菌 (Steccherinum subcollabens)。本文提供此三種菌詳細的特徵描述及繪圖，並使用核糖體核酸 (rDNA) 內轉錄間隔區 (internal transcribed spacers, ITS) 序列進行親緣關係分析以確定形態鑑定結果。此外，記錄臺灣特有種藍腹鷴 (Lophura swinhoii) 雄鳥取食桉牛舌孔菌的行為，突顯此菌在其原生棲地中的生態重要性。
Abstract: Three wood-decay polypores, Buglossoporus eucalypticola, Foraminispora concentrica, and Steccherinum subcollabens, are newly recorded in subtropical montane cloud forests of Taiwan. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided. Phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) sequences were conducted to confirm our morphology-based identifications. Additionally, we document the endemic male Swinhoe's pheasant (Lophura swinhoii) feeding on B. eucalypticola, highlighting the ecological significance of this fungal species in its native habitat.