關鍵詞：番石榴 / 新宿主紀錄 / 柄銹菌屬 / 柄銹菌目 / 銹菌目 | Keywords: guava / new host records / Puccinia / Pucciniales / Uredinales
摘要：桃金孃銹病菌（Austropuccinia psidii）於2025年春季在臺灣中部與北部地區，在白千層（Melaleuca leucadendra）、桃金孃（Rhodomyrtus tomentosa）、肯氏蒲桃（Syzygium cumini）、蒲桃（Syzygium jambos）及未定種赤楠屬植物（Syzygium sp.）的葉片上發現，顯示該病原已在臺灣發生突如其來且廣泛的爆發。在白千層與蒲桃的幼枝及萌芽處可見夏孢子堆，並伴隨有萎凋與死亡現象；成年樹木葉片上亦觀察到病斑，而在未定種赤楠屬植物上，幼苗葉片亦有病斑出現。冬孢子僅在桃金孃上觀察到。經由ITS序列鑑定，確認此銹菌為Austropuccinia psidii。
Abstract: The myrtle rust Austropuccinia psidii was found on leaves of Melaleuca leucadendra, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Syzygium cumini, S. jambos, and Syzygium sp. (all Myrtaceae) in central and northern Taiwan in spring of 2025, indicating a sudden and wide­spread outbreak in Taiwan. On M. leucadendra and S. jambos, the uredinia were associated with wilt and death of young shoots and suckers. Leaf spots were found on adult trees, and in Syzygium sp. also on seedlings. Teliospores were found only on Rh. tomentosa. ITS rDNA sequences supported the species identification of the rust fungus.

關鍵詞：子囊菌門 / 圖座菌科 / 分類學 / 炭角菌科 | Keywords: Ascomycota / Graphostromataceae / taxonomy / Xylariaceae
摘要：在臺灣採集到的一種圖座菌屬真菌，被描述為新種臺灣圖座菌 (Graphostroma formosanum)。其主要形態特徵與該屬模式種平孔圖座菌 (G. platystoma)相似，但不同處在於子囊孢子較小、分生孢子較大、孔口較窄，以及分佈於亞熱帶地區。ITS序列分析進一步支持臺灣圖座菌與平孔圖座菌及其它圖座菌屬物種之間的差異性。
Abstract: A Graphostroma species, described as G. formosanum, was collected in Taiwan. It shares the main characteristics of the type species G. platystoma but differs mainly in having smaller ascospores, larger conidia, smaller ostiolar openings, and a subtropical distribution. The distinctiveness of G. formosanum from G. platystoma and other Graphostroma species is further supported by ITS sequence analyses.

關鍵詞：多寄主 / 菌根 / 亞高山森林 / 合歡山 / 高海拔 | Keywords: Multi-host / mycorrhizae / subalpine forest / Mt. He-Huan / high elevation
摘要：不同真菌形成的外生菌根 (Ectomycorrhiza, ECM) 形態特徵各異，但它們與宿主植物間的對應關係仍未明確。本研究調查臺灣亞高山生態系中臺灣冷杉 (Abies kawakamii) 與臺灣鐵杉 (Tsuga chinensis) 之 ECM 形態與真菌多樣性，共發現 6 類菌根形態與 13 種 ECM 真菌，其中四種菌根形態均可在鐵杉與冷杉中發現，而另二種形態則具有宿主特異性，僅在一種樹種中出現。冷杉與鐵杉分別測到8 種與7種真菌。雖然某些菌根形態在兩種宿主樹種中均有出現，但它們所共生的真菌種類可能不同。每一形態類型可包含 2–6 種真菌，亦有些菌根形態僅由單一真菌構成。此外，單一根尖上可能存在多種菌根真菌。雙色蠟蘑 (Lactarius bicolor) 與冷杉可形成兩種菌根形態；皮氏紅菇 (Russula peckii) 與冷杉及鐵杉分別形成兩種與三種菌根形態；橢圓孢齒菌 (Hydnum ellipsosporum) 在兩宿主上皆形成相同形態菌根。此結果顯示，菌與宿主根形成的菌根形態多變。多種真菌存在根內，可能導致多種菌根形態發生。
Abstract: The morphological characteristics of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) roots tips formed by different fungi are often unique, but their relationships with host trees and associated fungi remain unclear.We examined the morphotypes of ECM root tips and their fungal diversity in Abies kawakamii and Tsuga chinensis, two dominant subalpine trees in Taiwan. Six morphotypes and 13 ECM fungi were identified. Four morphotypes occurred in both trees, whereas two were host-specific, each restricted to a single species. Eight and seven ECM fungi were detected in A. kawakamii and T. chinensis, respectively. Although some morphotypes were shared by both co-occurring hosts, their harboring ECM fungal species could be different. Each ECM morphotype was associated with two to six ECM fungi, except for the host-specific types, which contained only one, and a single root tip could harbor multiple ECM fungi. Lactarius bicolor formed two morphotypes with A. kawakamii; Russula peckii formed two and three morphotypes with A. kawakamii and T. chinensis, respectively; and Hydnum ellipsosporum formed a single type with both tree species. The types of mycorrhizal structures formed between fungi and host plant roots are highly diverse. This variability is likely influenced by the presence of multiple fungal species within the roots, which can stimulate root development and result in the formation of different mycorrhizal structures.