關鍵詞：番石榴 / 新宿主紀錄 / 柄銹菌屬 / 柄銹菌目 / 銹菌目 | Keywords: guava / new host records / Puccinia / Pucciniales / Uredinales摘要：桃金孃銹病菌（Austropuccinia psidii）於2025年春季在臺灣中部與北部地區，在白千層（Melaleuca leucadendra）、桃金孃（Rhodomyrtus tomentosa）、肯氏蒲桃（Syzygium cumini）、蒲桃（Syzygium jambos）及未定種赤楠屬植物（Syzygium sp.）的葉片上發現，顯示該病原已在臺灣發生突如其來且廣泛的爆發。在白千層與蒲桃的幼枝及萌芽處可見夏孢子堆，並伴隨有萎凋與死亡現象；成年樹木葉片上亦觀察到病斑，而在未定種赤楠屬植物上，幼苗葉片亦有病斑出現。冬孢子僅在桃金孃上觀察到。經由ITS序列鑑定，確認此銹菌為Austropuccinia psidii。Abstract: The myrtle rust Austropuccinia psidii was found on leaves of Melaleuca leucadendra, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Syzygium cumini, S. jambos, and Syzygium sp. (all Myrtaceae) in central and northern Taiwan in spring of 2025, indicating a sudden and widespread outbreak in Taiwan. On M. leucadendra and S. jambos, the uredinia were associated with wilt and death of young shoots and suckers. Leaf spots were found on adult trees, and in Syzygium sp. also on seedlings. Teliospores were found only on Rh. tomentosa. ITS rDNA sequences supported the species identification of the rust fungus.
關鍵詞：子囊菌門 / 圖座菌科 / 分類學 / 炭角菌科 | Keywords: Ascomycota / Graphostromataceae / taxonomy / Xylariaceae摘要：在臺灣採集到的一種圖座菌屬真菌，被描述為新種臺灣圖座菌 (Graphostroma formosanum)。其主要形態特徵與該屬模式種平孔圖座菌 (G. platystoma)相似，但不同處在於子囊孢子較小、分生孢子較大、孔口較窄，以及分佈於亞熱帶地區。ITS序列分析進一步支持臺灣圖座菌與平孔圖座菌及其它圖座菌屬物種之間的差異性。Abstract: A Graphostroma species, described as G. formosanum, was collected in Taiwan. It shares the main characteristics of the type species G. platystoma but differs mainly in having smaller ascospores, larger conidia, smaller ostiolar openings, and a subtropical distribution. The distinctiveness of G. formosanum from G. platystoma and other Graphostroma species is further supported by ITS sequence analyses.