關鍵詞：纖孔菌屬 / 分子親緣關係 / 分類學 / 木腐真菌 | Keywords: Inonotus / molecular phylogeny / taxonomy / wood-decay fungi
摘要：本文除了提供臺灣已確認的纖孔菌屬真菌，也列出曾與纖孔菌屬名相連結的種類。屬於纖孔菌屬共有八種，包含臺灣新記錄金邊纖孔菌 (I. chrysomarginatus)。其它曾與Inonotus屬名相連結的12種，目前被歸類在不同的屬中，包括Cylindrosporus、Fuscoporia、Hymenochaete、Inocutis、Mensularia、Neomensularia、Ochrosporellus和Sanghuangporus。
Abstract: Species in Taiwan that are accepted in Inonotus or have been connected to the generic name are provided. Eight species are accepted in Inonotus, including I. chrysomarginatus, which is newly recorded in Taiwan. Twelve species that were previously associated with the genus Inonotus have now been reclassified and placed in various other genera, including Cylindrosporus, Fuscoporia, Hymenochaete, Inocutis, Mensularia, Neomensularia, Ochrosporellus, and Sanghuangporus.

關鍵詞：分子親緣關係 / 分類學 | Keywords: molecular phylogeny / taxonomy
摘要：本文描述在台灣蕨類植物觀音座蓮 Angiopteris lygodiifolia 的枯死葉柄上所發現的一種新的絲孢菌真菌，命名為Xylolentia simplex。其種小名“simplex”在拉丁語中意為“simple/簡單”用以致敬已故簡秋源(Chiu Yuan Chien)教授。該新物種具有淺棕色分生孢子，不同於 Xylolentia 屬的其他三個物種，皆具有透明孢子，而與另一個亦具有棕色孢子的物種X. brunneola之區別在於兩者的 ITS、LSU 和 RPB2 序列相似性不高，並且在分生孢子的形狀和大小上亦具有些微差異。此外，本研究亦運用掃描電子顯微鏡技術首次揭露了 Xylolentia 的分生孢子產孢形式為特殊的環頸型。
Abstract: A new hyphomycetous fungus found on dead petioles of the fern Angiopteris lygodiifolia in Taiwan is described as Xylolentia simplex in honor of late Prof. Dr. Chiu Yuan Chien (簡秋源; Chien 簡 and the Latin “simplex” both meaning “simple”). The new species differs from other three hyaline-spored species of Xylolentia by its pale brown conidia and from the other brown-spored species X. brunneola by low identities of the ITS, LSU and RPB2 sequences and minute differences of conidium shape and size. Scanning electron microscopy reveals annellidic conidiogenesis in Xylolentia for the first time.

關鍵詞：麴菌屬 / 鑑定 / 形態 / 類緣分析 | Keywords: Aspergillus / identification / morphology / phylogenetic analysis
摘要：麴菌屬廣泛分佈於世界各地，與人類日常生活密切相關，在食品、工業與醫藥的用方面都極具重要性。在本研究中，我們利用形態學、培養特性與分子類緣對於寄存於食品工業發展研究所生物資源保存及研究中心之麴菌屬菌株進行鑑定。依據形態特徵與CaM基因部分序列，我們發現麴菌屬section Candidi的兩個新記錄種，Aspergillus neotritici 和 A. subalbidus。目前分類系統顯示，分子類緣分析可準確並可靠的鑑定麴菌屬菌株。這是A. neotritici 和 A. subalbidus兩個種在臺灣首次被報告。
Abstract: Aspergillus is a widespread genus closely related to human daily life worldwide. Aspergillus species play essential role in food, industry, and medicine. In this study, we evaluated a combination of morphology, phylogeny, and cultural characteristics to identify Aspergillus strains deposited at the Bioresource Collection and Research Center of Food Industry Research and Development Institute. Based on morphological characteristics and partial CaM gene sequences, we describe two newly recorded species belonging to the Aspergillus section Candidi: Aspergillus neotritici and A. subalbidus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis accurately and reliably identified Aspergillus species.

關鍵詞：真菌寄生物 / 接合菌門 | Keywords: mycoparasite / Zoopagomycota
摘要：本文描述與圖示一新種Piptocephalis chienii (簡氏頭珠黴)，係由土壤分離得到。此菌的特徵為具直立主要孢子囊柄，向上產生五次雙叉分支，孢子囊柄平滑，有具孔洞之隔板，孔洞有管狀突起。分支末端有頭細胞，著生6個柱狀孢子囊，成熟時維持乾燥。頭細胞倒錐形，成熟時掉落。柱狀孢子囊內有3–4柱狀孢子。接合孢子外壁粗糙，有裂紋，內壁平滑。文中比較此種與相近種類之異同點，並提供一頭珠黴屬之檢索表。
Abstract: Piptocephalis (Piptocephalidaceae, Zoopagales, Zoopagomycetes, Zoopagomycotina, Zoopagomycota) is a genus of mycoparasitic, haustorium-forming fungi and can usually be isolated from soil, dung and leaf litters ubiquitously. Piptocephalis chienii, a new mycoparasite of Cunninghamella bertholletiae, has been isolated from forest soil in Taiwan. It is characterized by an erect main sporophore, which produces a fertile system comprising five successive dichotomously branching sporophores. The sporophores are smooth and perforated with a projecting pore. The head cells are obconical and deciduous, bearing six merosporangia with 3–4 spores each. The spores are cylindrical, smooth-walled, and the spore head is dry at maturity. The zygospore wall has a rugulose reticulate ornamentation. This new species is compared with other related taxa, and an identification key to the known species of Piptocephalis is provided.