Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.

TELEOMORPH | CULTURES AND ANAMORPH | SPECIMENS EXAMINED | NOTES

TELEOMORPH

Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., Summa Veg. Scand. II, p. 384. 1849.

º Sphaeria fusca Pers., Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 11: 22. 1794; Pers.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. II, p. 332. 1823.

º Peripherostoma fuscum (Pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. I, p. 513. 1821.

º Stromatosphaeria fusca (Pers.: Fr.) Grev., Fl. Edinburgh, p. 356. 1824.

= Sphaeria fragiformis Hoffm., Veg. Crypt. I, p. 20. 1787; non Pers. [: Fr.], 1794; [nom. rejic., ICBN Art. 13.1 (d)]. Fide Persoon (1801), Fries (1823), and Tulasne and Tulasne (1863).

= Sphaeria confluens Willd., Fl. Berol. Prodr., p. 416. 1787; non Tode [: Fr.], 1791; [nom. rejic., ICBN Art. 13.1 (d)]. Fide Persoon (1801), Fries (1823), and Tulasne and Tulasne (1863).

º Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. var. confluens (Willd.) J. Kickx fil., Fl. Crypt. Fland. I, p. 307. 1867.

º Hypoxylon confluens (Willd.) Wettst., Verh. Zoo.-Bot. K. K. Ges. Wien 35: 592. 1885; non (Tode: Fr.) Westend., 1845; [nom. rejic., ICBN Arts. 13.1 (d) & 64.1].

= Sphaeria tuberculosa Bolton, Hist. Fung. Halifax, III, p. 123. 1789; non Sowerby, 1803; nec Schwein. [: Fr.], 1822; [nom. rejic., ICBN Art. 13.1 (d)]. Fide Persoon (1801), Fries (1823), and Tulasne and Tulasne (1863).

= Sphaeria castorea Tode, Fung. Mecklenb. Sel. II, p. 28. 1791. Fide Fries (1823) and Tulasne and Tulasne (1863).

º Sphaeria fragiformis Pers.: Fr. var. castorea (Tode) Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung., p. 10. 1801.

= Hypoxylon glomerulatum Bull., Hist. Champ. France I, p. 178. 1791; non Theiss., 1908. Fide Fries (1823) and Tulasne and Tulasne (1863).

º Sphaeria glomerulata (Bull.) DC. & Lam., Fl. Franç. II, p. 287. 1805.

= Sphaeria effusa Sowerby, Col. Fig. Engl. Fung. III, Pl. 374, Fig. 8. 1803. Fide Fries (1849).

= Sphaeria coryli DC. & Lam., Fl. Franç. II, 287. 1805; non Batsch. [: Fr.], 1786; [nom. rejic., ICBN Arts. 13.1 (d) & 64.1]. Fide Fries (1823) and Tulasne and Tulasne (1863).

= Hypoxylon vinosum Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. II, 13: 356. 1840.

= Hypoxylon purpureum Nitschke, Pyren. Germ., p. 37. 1867.

= Hypoxylon commutatum Nitschke subsp. holwayanum Sacc. & Ellis apud Sacc., Michelia 2: 570. 1882.

= Hypoxylon bicolor Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 2: 88. 1886; non Berk. & M. A. Curtis, 1875; [nom. rejic., ICBN Art. 64.1].

º Hypoxylon bicoloratum P. Martin, J. S. African Bot. 42: 72. 1976.

= Hypoxylon subchlorinum Ellis & Calk., J. Mycol. 4: 86. 1888.

= Hypoxylon lianincolum Rehm, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 6: 1944. 1913.

= Hypoxylon pruinatoides Kauffm., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 11: 169. 1930.

= Hypoxylon oregonense Kauffm., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 11: 169. 1930.

Stromata usually hemispherical to pulvinate, sometimes effused-pulvinate, plane or with inconspicuous perithecial mounds, 0.1-6 cm long x 0.1-3 cm broad x 0.4-2 (-2.5) mm thick; surface brown vinaceous (84) or dark vinaceous (82), becoming blood color (3), chestnut (40), fuscous (103) when aged; buff, dull orange, dull orange-brown, or dull reddish brown granules immediately beneath surface and between perithecia, with KOH-extractable pigments amber (47), isabelline (65), olivaceous (48), gray olivaceous (107), or greenish olivaceous (90); the tissue below the perithecial layer dark brown to blackish brown, inconspicuous to 1.5 mm thick.

Perithecia spherical to obovoid, 0.1-0.3 (-0.4) mm diam x 0.2-0.5 mm high.

Ostioles lower than the stromatal surface.

Asci 85-202 mm total length x 6-9 (-12) mm broad, the spore-bearing parts 60-115 mm long, the stipes 20-100 mm long, with apical ring bluing to lightly bluing in Melzer's iodine reagent, discoid, 0.5-2 mm high x 1.2-3.5 mm broad.

Ascospores brown to dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 8-20 x 4-8 mm, with slightly sigmoid germ slit spore-length; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth or with inconspicuous coil-like ornamentation; epispore smooth.